Since 2024, the global energy resource supply and demand structure has been adjusted, and the trade volume has been reduced as a whole.

01 The trade volume of energy mineral resources shows the characteristics of "coal up and oil and gas down"

Crude oil: In 2024, the global trade volume of crude oil was 216.0 million tons, a year-on-year decrease of 0.2%. The top five crude oil exporters in the world were Saudi Arabia, Russia, Canada, the United States, and the United Arab Emirates, accounting for 14.9%, 11.3%, 10.1%, 9.2%, and 8.5% of the global total exports, respectively. The top five crude oil importers (regions) were China, the European Union, the United States, India, and Japan, accounting for 25.6%, 21.4%, 15.2%, 11.1%, and 5.3% of the global total imports, respectively. Natural gas: In 2024, the global trade volume of natural gas was about 11.4 trillion cubic meters, a year-on-year decrease of 7.3%. Among them, the trade volume of liquefied natural gas (LNG) was 544.1 billion cubic meters, a year-on-year decrease of 0.7%; the trade volume of pipeline natural gas (PNG) was 593.3 billion cubic meters, a year-on-year decrease of 12.4%. The United States is still the world's largest LNG exporter, followed by Qatar and Australia, with the total LNG exports of the three countries accounting for more than 60% of the global total. Coal: In 2024, the global trade volume of coal was 35.99 hundred million tons, a year-on-year increase of 1.3%, which was the same as the historical highest record in 2018. China is the world's largest coal importer, accounting for 32.3% of the total trade volume, showing a rapid growth trend.

02 The volume of trade in bulk solid mineral commodities shows the characteristics of "aluminum zinc rising, copper and iron falling"

Iron ore: In 2024, the global trade volume of iron ore was 146 million tons, a year-on-year decrease of 6.6%. Australia is the largest exporter, and China is the largest importer. Copper mine: In 2024, the global trade volume of copper mine was 41.742 million tons, a year-on-year decrease of 31.6%. Chile is the largest exporter, accounting for 63.2% of the global total exports; China is the largest importer, accounting for 67.4% of the global total imports. Bauxite: In 2024, the global trade volume of bauxite was 200 million tons, a year-on-year increase of 17.6%. China is the largest importer, with an import volume accounting for 88.5% of the global total; Guinea is the largest exporter, with an export volume accounting for 74.4% of the global total. Zinc mine: In 2024, the global trade volume of zinc mine was 10.273 million tons, a year-on-year increase of 4.7%. China is the largest importer, with an import volume of 4.097 million tons in 2024, accounting for 39.9% of the global total; Australia is the largest exporter, with an export volume of 1.710 million tons in 2024, accounting for 16.6% of the global total.

03 The trade volume of strategic emerging mineral resources shows the characteristics of "lithium up, cobalt and nickel down"

Lithium carbonate: In 2024, the global trade volume of lithium carbonate increased by 11.5% year-on-year to 3.08 million tons. Chile and Argentina's lithium carbonate exports accounted for 77.9% and 15.6% of the global total exports, respectively; China is the world's largest importer of lithium carbonate, accounting for 78.3% of the global imports. Cobalt mine: In 2024, the global trade volume of cobalt mine was 2,261.9 tons, a decrease of 91.0% year-on-year; after the implementation of the original ore export restriction in the DRC, the cobalt mine export volume has dropped to zero in the past year, which is one of the main reasons for the sharp decline in the global cobalt mine trade volume; China is the world's largest importer of cobalt mine, accounting for 64.1% of the global imports. Nickel mine: In 2024, the global trade volume of nickel mine was 45.916 million tons, a decrease of 0.4% year-on-year. Among them, the Philippines' nickel mine export volume accounted for 97.9% of the global; China is the world's largest importer of nickel mine, accounting for 91.3% of the global imports.

04 The trade volume of precious metal minerals shows the characteristics of "gold down, silver and platinum up"

Gold: In 2024, the global gold trade volume was 5,871.4 tons, a year-on-year decrease of 45.9%. Switzerland was the largest exporter, with an export volume accounting for 26.5% of the global total; China was the largest importer, with an import volume accounting for 44.4% of the global total. Silver: In 2024, the global silver trade volume was 39,000 tons, a year-on-year increase of 2.6%. China was the largest exporter and importer of silver, with export and import volumes accounting for 23.4% and 21.6% of the global silver trade volume, respectively. Platinum: In 2024, the global platinum trade volume was 1,017.8 tons, a year-on-year increase of 1.8%. The United Kingdom was the largest exporter, with an export volume accounting for 22.5% of the global total; India was the largest importer, with an import volume accounting for 19.8% of the global total.

05 The overall trade volume of agricultural minerals has declined

Potash: In 2024, the global trade volume of potash was 34.44 million tons, a year-on-year decrease of 31.7%. Canada was the largest exporter, accounting for 66.7% of the global total exports; the United States was the largest importer and the second largest exporter, with import and export volumes accounting for 41.1% and 14.3% of the global total, respectively. Phosphates: In 2024, the global trade volume of phosphates was 105.04 million tons, a year-on-year decrease of 47.9%. Egypt was the world's largest phosphate exporter, exporting 16.35 million tons of phosphates; the United States was the world's largest phosphate importer, importing 33.91 million tons of phosphates.

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