Spotgeschäft-Top100 - 25/04/2022
Nach Preisüberwachung von SunSirs gehen am 25/04/2022 auf der Spotgeschäft-Top100 insgesamt 41 nach oben, und 77 nach unten, 119 ohne Veränderung. Rohstoffpreise nach oben:Lebendes Schwein (3.95%),Palm (3.42%),DMF (2.91%);Rohstoffpreise nach unten：Eisenerz (-6.00%),Nickel(Barren） (-4.91%),Essigs (-4.71%).
| Rohstoffsname | Branche | 04-22 | 04-25 | ↓↑ |
| Lebendes Schwein | Agrar- und Nebenerwerbsindustr | 13.68 | 14.22 | 3.95% |
| Palm | Agrar- und Nebenerwerbsindustr | 13,440.00 | 13,900.00 | 3.42% |
| DMF | Chemieindustrie | 12,875.00 | 13,250.00 | 2.91% |
| Sojabohnen | Agrar- und Nebenerwerbsindustr | 11,442.00 | 11,658.00 | 1.89% |
| Dimethylbenzol | Chemieindustrie | 7,320.00 | 7,450.00 | 1.78% |
| Methylbenzol | Chemieindustrie | 7,290.00 | 7,400.00 | 1.51% |
| Praseodym- Neodymoxid | Buntmetallindustrie | 840,000.00 | 850,000.00 | 1.19% |
| MTBE | Energieindustrie | 7,525.00 | 7,612.50 | 1.16% |
| Aluminiumfluorid | Chemieindustrie | 10,825.00 | 10,950.00 | 1.15% |
| Melamin | Chemieindustrie | 10,066.67 | 10,166.67 | 0.99% |
| Kohlenstoffschwarz | Chemieindustrie | 10,100.00 | 10,200.00 | 0.99% |
| PET | Gummiindustrie | 8,450.00 | 8,530.00 | 0.95% |
| PP | Gummiindustrie | 8,866.67 | 8,950.00 | 0.94% |
| Erdgas | Energieindustrie | 6,980.00 | 7,036.00 | 0.80% |
| Harnstoff | Chemieindustrie | 2,961.00 | 2,984.00 | 0.78% |
| Eva | Gummiindustrie | 22,800.00 | 22,966.67 | 0.73% |
| Aceton | Chemieindustrie | 5,500.00 | 5,540.00 | 0.73% |
| Ei | Agrar- und Nebenerwerbsindustr | 9.91 | 9.98 | 0.71% |
| Acryls | Chemieindustrie | 14,333.33 | 14,433.33 | 0.70% |
| EPS | Gummiindustrie | 10,925.00 | 11,000.00 | 0.69% |
| Benzin | Energieindustrie | 8,776.00 | 8,829.60 | 0.61% |
| Naphtha Öl | Energieindustrie | 8,250.75 | 8,300.00 | 0.60% |
| Glas | Baustoffindustrie | 24.46 | 24.60 | 0.57% |
| Maisstärke | Agrar- und Nebenerwerbsindustr | 3,362.00 | 3,380.00 | 0.54% |
| Bitumen | Energieindustrie | 3,987.20 | 4,007.20 | 0.50% |
| Praseodym- Neodymlegierung | Buntmetallindustrie | 1,035,000.00 | 1,040,000.00 | 0.48% |
| Natriumcarbonat | Chemieindustrie | 2,612.50 | 2,625.00 | 0.48% |
| Hydrogenated benzene | Chemieindustrie | 8,387.50 | 8,425.00 | 0.45% |
| PA6 | Gummiindustrie | 15,766.67 | 15,833.33 | 0.42% |
| Flüssiges Ammoniak | Chemieindustrie | 4,986.67 | 5,006.67 | 0.40% |
| Dysprosiumoxid | Buntmetallindustrie | 2,590,000.00 | 2,600,000.00 | 0.39% |
| Petrolkoks | Energieindustrie | 5,191.25 | 5,209.75 | 0.36% |
| Akrylonitrile | Textilienindustrie | 11,560.00 | 11,600.00 | 0.35% |
| MDI | Chemieindustrie | 18,740.00 | 18,780.00 | 0.21% |
| Propanol | Chemieindustrie | 8,300.00 | 8,316.67 | 0.20% |
| Ethylacetat | Chemieindustrie | 8,333.33 | 8,350.00 | 0.20% |
| Nahtloses Rohr | Stahlindustrie | 6,260.00 | 6,272.50 | 0.20% |
| DBP | Chemieindustrie | 10,116.67 | 10,133.33 | 0.16% |
| Raps | Agrar- und Nebenerwerbsindustr | 14,138.00 | 14,158.00 | 0.14% |
| Reines Benzol | Chemieindustrie | 8,450.00 | 8,460.00 | 0.12% |
| Mais | Agrar- und Nebenerwerbsindustr | 2,781.43 | 2,784.29 | 0.10% |
| Blei （Barren） | Buntmetallindustrie | 15,655.00 | 15,655.00 | 0.00% |
| Verzinktes Blech | Stahlindustrie | 6,090.00 | 6,090.00 | 0.00% |
| Sojabohne | Agrar- und Nebenerwerbsindustr | 6,044.00 | 6,044.00 | 0.00% |
| Raps | Agrar- und Nebenerwerbsindustr | 6,492.00 | 6,492.00 | 0.00% |
| Austrocknen | Textilienindustrie | 133,000.00 | 133,000.00 | 0.00% |
| Magnesium | Buntmetallindustrie | 36,166.67 | 36,166.67 | 0.00% |
| Titandioxid | Chemieindustrie | 21,033.33 | 21,033.33 | 0.00% |
| Borsäure (Import) | Chemieindustrie | 8,750.00 | 8,750.00 | 0.00% |
| Koks | Energieindustrie | 3,738.00 | 3,738.00 | 0.00% |
| Fluorit | Chemieindustrie | 2,572.22 | 2,572.22 | 0.00% |
| Channel steel | Stahlindustrie | 5,043.33 | 5,043.33 | 0.00% |
| Angle steel | Stahlindustrie | 4,873.33 | 4,873.33 | 0.00% |
| Ethylalkohol | Chemieindustrie | 7,362.50 | 7,362.50 | 0.00% |
| Ethylenoxid | Chemieindustrie | 8,200.00 | 8,200.00 | 0.00% |
| Epoxypropan | Chemieindustrie | 11,666.67 | 11,666.67 | 0.00% |
| BUTADIEN | Chemieindustrie | 9,866.00 | 9,866.00 | 0.00% |
| Nitrile Gummi | Gummiindustrie | 24,300.00 | 24,300.00 | 0.00% |
| Phenol | Chemieindustrie | 10,160.00 | 10,160.00 | 0.00% |
| OX | Chemieindustrie | 8,200.00 | 8,200.00 | 0.00% |
| P-Xylol | Chemieindustrie | 9,300.00 | 9,300.00 | 0.00% |
| Formaldehyd | Chemieindustrie | 1,420.00 | 1,420.00 | 0.00% |
| PP | Gummiindustrie | 10,300.00 | 10,300.00 | 0.00% |
| Baumwollgarn | Textilienindustrie | 29,466.67 | 29,466.67 | 0.00% |
| Baumwollgarn | Textilienindustrie | 30,500.00 | 30,500.00 | 0.00% |
| Polyesterspinnfaser | Textilienindustrie | 7,950.00 | 7,950.00 | 0.00% |
| Polyestergarn | Textilienindustrie | 14,425.00 | 14,425.00 | 0.00% |
| Kurzfasern | Textilienindustrie | 14,160.00 | 14,160.00 | 0.00% |
| Zement | Baustoffindustrie | 510.00 | 510.00 | 0.00% |
| Ferrosilizium （Ferrolegierung | Stahlindustrie | 10,350.00 | 10,350.00 | 0.00% |
| Brenn | Energieindustrie | 6,320.00 | 6,320.00 | 0.00% |
| Schwefels | Chemieindustrie | 1,168.33 | 1,168.33 | 0.00% |
| Diammoniumphosphat | Chemieindustrie | 3,640.00 | 3,640.00 | 0.00% |
| Natronlauge | Chemieindustrie | 1,290.00 | 1,290.00 | 0.00% |
| Natriumbicarbonat | Chemieindustrie | 2,526.67 | 2,526.67 | 0.00% |
| Phosphors | Chemieindustrie | 10,680.00 | 10,680.00 | 0.00% |
| Ammoniumsulfat | Chemieindustrie | 1,803.33 | 1,803.33 | 0.00% |
| Kryolith | Chemieindustrie | 7,650.00 | 7,650.00 | 0.00% |
| Gesponnenes Baumwollgarn | Textilienindustrie | 18,533.33 | 18,533.33 | 0.00% |
| TDI | Chemieindustrie | 18,375.00 | 18,375.00 | 0.00% |
| PS | Gummiindustrie | 10,616.67 | 10,616.67 | 0.00% |
| Maleinanhydrid | Chemieindustrie | 11,666.67 | 11,666.67 | 0.00% |
| Fl | Energieindustrie | 6,380.00 | 6,380.00 | 0.00% |
| Papierabfall | Baustoffindustrie | 2,462.00 | 2,462.00 | 0.00% |
| Kesselkohle | Energieindustrie | 900.00 | 900.00 | 0.00% |
| Salzs | Chemieindustrie | 310.00 | 310.00 | 0.00% |
| Flusss | Chemieindustrie | 11,560.00 | 11,560.00 | 0.00% |
| Polykristallines Silizium | Chemieindustrie | 205,333.33 | 205,333.33 | 0.00% |
| PA66 | Gummiindustrie | 27,750.00 | 27,750.00 | 0.00% |
| LDPE | Gummiindustrie | 11,850.00 | 11,850.00 | 0.00% |
| HDPE | Gummiindustrie | 9,883.33 | 9,883.33 | 0.00% |
| I-Stahl | Stahlindustrie | 5,133.33 | 5,133.33 | 0.00% |
| Kaltgewalztes Blech | Stahlindustrie | 5,643.33 | 5,643.33 | 0.00% |
| Farbbeschichtetes Trapezblech | Stahlindustrie | 8,233.33 | 8,233.33 | 0.00% |
| Polyesterfaser POY | Textilienindustrie | 8,083.33 | 8,083.33 | 0.00% |
| Polyesterfaser DTY | Textilienindustrie | 9,479.09 | 9,479.09 | 0.00% |
| Polyesterfaser FDY | Textilienindustrie | 8,621.67 | 8,621.67 | 0.00% |
| Kokskohle | Energieindustrie | 3,288.33 | 3,288.33 | 0.00% |
| Oktylalkohol | Chemieindustrie | 12,433.33 | 12,433.33 | 0.00% |
| Phosphate rock | Chemieindustrie | 763.33 | 763.33 | 0.00% |
| Ammoniumphosphat | Chemieindustrie | 3,625.00 | 3,625.00 | 0.00% |
| Kaliumchlorid | Chemieindustrie | 5,133.33 | 5,133.33 | 0.00% |
| Salpeters | Chemieindustrie | 2,466.67 | 2,466.67 | 0.00% |
| Cyclohexanon | Chemieindustrie | 11,200.00 | 11,200.00 | 0.00% |
| Butylacetat | Chemieindustrie | 9,975.00 | 9,975.00 | 0.00% |
| Praseodym-Metall | Buntmetallindustrie | 1,185,000.00 | 1,185,000.00 | 0.00% |
| Neodym -Metall | Buntmetallindustrie | 1,085,000.00 | 1,085,000.00 | 0.00% |
| Dysprosium -Metall | Buntmetallindustrie | 3,315,000.00 | 3,315,000.00 | 0.00% |
| Neodymoxid | Buntmetallindustrie | 885,000.00 | 885,000.00 | 0.00% |
| Praseodymoxid | Buntmetallindustrie | 865,000.00 | 865,000.00 | 0.00% |
| Dy-Fe -Legierung | Buntmetallindustrie | 2,595,000.00 | 2,595,000.00 | 0.00% |
| Trichlormethan | Chemieindustrie | 5,625.00 | 5,625.00 | 0.00% |
| Steinkohlenteer | Chemieindustrie | 4,990.00 | 4,990.00 | 0.00% |
| Grobes Benzol | Chemieindustrie | 6,895.00 | 6,895.00 | 0.00% |
| Wellpappe | Baustoffindustrie | 3,776.00 | 3,776.00 | 0.00% |
| Elektrolytmagnesium | Buntmetallindustrie | 17,600.00 | 17,600.00 | 0.00% |
| Weisser Kohlenstoff | Chemieindustrie | 6,325.00 | 6,325.00 | 0.00% |
| Brom | Chemieindustrie | 55,400.00 | 55,400.00 | 0.00% |
| Epoxy-Harz | Chemieindustrie | 25,450.00 | 25,450.00 | 0.00% |
| R22 | Chemieindustrie | 17,666.67 | 17,666.67 | 0.00% |
| Wasserdioxid | Chemieindustrie | 933.33 | 933.33 | 0.00% |
| Polyester cotton yarn | Textilienindustrie | 21,140.00 | 21,140.00 | 0.00% |
| Aktivkohle | Chemieindustrie | 10,566.67 | 10,566.67 | 0.00% |
| Natriumpyrosulfit | Chemieindustrie | 2,800.00 | 2,800.00 | 0.00% |
| Chlorinated Paraffin | Chemieindustrie | 6,687.50 | 6,687.50 | 0.00% |
| POM | Gummiindustrie | 22,033.33 | 22,033.33 | 0.00% |
| PMMA | Gummiindustrie | 16,625.00 | 16,625.00 | 0.00% |
| Neopentyl glycol | Chemieindustrie | 17,533.33 | 17,533.33 | 0.00% |
| Dichlormethan | Chemieindustrie | 4,675.00 | 4,675.00 | 0.00% |
| vitamin E | Chemieindustrie | 92.33 | 92.33 | 0.00% |
| Nylon FDY | Textilienindustrie | 20,675.00 | 20,675.00 | 0.00% |
| Salicylic acid | Chemieindustrie | 17,000.00 | 17,000.00 | 0.00% |
| Ammonium chloride | Chemieindustrie | 1,445.00 | 1,445.00 | 0.00% |
| Potassium carbonate | Chemieindustrie | 9,066.67 | 9,066.67 | 0.00% |
| Titanium concentrate | Buntmetallindustrie | 2,290.00 | 2,290.00 | 0.00% |
| Kaliumsulfat | Chemieindustrie | 5,050.00 | 5,050.00 | 0.00% |
| MIBK | Chemieindustrie | 13,700.00 | 13,700.00 | 0.00% |
| Formsäure | Chemieindustrie | 9,666.67 | 9,666.67 | 0.00% |
| glycine | Chemieindustrie | 22,333.33 | 22,333.33 | 0.00% |
| Codonopsis pilosula | Agrar- und Nebenerwerbsindustr | 50.60 | 50.60 | 0.00% |
| Flos Lonicerae | Agrar- und Nebenerwerbsindustr | 142.50 | 142.50 | 0.00% |
| Wolfberry | Agrar- und Nebenerwerbsindustr | 45.25 | 45.25 | 0.00% |
| Isobutyraldehyd | Chemieindustrie | 14,533.33 | 14,533.33 | 0.00% |
| H-beam | Stahlindustrie | 5,126.67 | 5,126.67 | 0.00% |
| vitamin A | Chemieindustrie | 232.50 | 232.50 | 0.00% |
| vitamin C | Chemieindustrie | 40.67 | 40.67 | 0.00% |
| Angelica | Agrar- und Nebenerwerbsindustr | 41.80 | 41.80 | 0.00% |
| Silicomangan | Stahlindustrie | 8,525.00 | 8,525.00 | 0.00% |
| Kaliumnitrat | Chemieindustrie | 7,050.00 | 7,050.00 | 0.00% |
| Ammoniumnitrat | Chemieindustrie | 4,600.00 | 4,600.00 | 0.00% |
| Gummiindustrie | 12,433.33 | 12,433.33 | 0.00% | |
| Sanchi | Agrar- und Nebenerwerbsindustr | 113.25 | 113.25 | 0.00% |
| Astragalus | Agrar- und Nebenerwerbsindustr | 16.00 | 16.00 | 0.00% |
| Ophiopogon japonicus | Agrar- und Nebenerwerbsindustr | 67.00 | 67.00 | 0.00% |
| Forsythia | Agrar- und Nebenerwerbsindustr | 152.50 | 152.50 | 0.00% |
| DDGS | Agrar- und Nebenerwerbsindustr | 2,766.67 | 2,766.67 | 0.00% |
| Polyacrylamide | Chemieindustrie | 15,942.86 | 15,942.86 | 0.00% |
| Weißes Papier | Baustoffindustrie | 6,806.67 | 6,806.67 | 0.00% |
| Polycarboxylate Superplasticizer | Chemieindustrie | 9,533.33 | 9,533.33 | 0.00% |
| Alkali-Punkte | Chemieindustrie | 4,300.00 | 4,300.00 | 0.00% |
| Siliziummetall （industrielles | Buntmetallindustrie | 20,880.00 | 20,860.00 | -0.10% |
| Entk | Textilienindustrie | 22,528.33 | 22,504.67 | -0.11% |
| Phthals | Chemieindustrie | 8,237.50 | 8,225.00 | -0.15% |
| Edelstahlplatte | Stahlindustrie | 20,300.00 | 20,266.67 | -0.16% |
| Adipinsäure | Chemieindustrie | 12,180.00 | 12,160.00 | -0.16% |
| Holzschliff | Baustoffindustrie | 6,030.00 | 6,020.00 | -0.17% |
| Edelstahlplatte | Stahlindustrie | 18,515.00 | 18,481.67 | -0.18% |
| Weizen | Agrar- und Nebenerwerbsindustr | 3,254.00 | 3,248.00 | -0.18% |
| DOP | Chemieindustrie | 11,812.50 | 11,787.50 | -0.21% |
| LLDPE | Gummiindustrie | 9,220.00 | 9,200.00 | -0.22% |
| PP | Gummiindustrie | 8,860.00 | 8,840.00 | -0.23% |
| Abfallstahl | Stahlindustrie | 3,569.81 | 3,560.31 | -0.27% |
| Polymer Aluminiumchlorid | Chemieindustrie | 2,321.25 | 2,315.00 | -0.27% |
| Gold | Buntmetallindustrie | 405.24 | 404.11 | -0.28% |
| DOTP | Chemieindustrie | 11,912.50 | 11,875.00 | -0.31% |
| Glykol | Chemieindustrie | 4,975.00 | 4,958.33 | -0.34% |
| Kobalt | Buntmetallindustrie | 555,000.00 | 553,100.00 | -0.34% |
| Methylalkohol | Energieindustrie | 2,835.00 | 2,825.00 | -0.35% |
| Das DTY | Textilienindustrie | 19,680.00 | 19,600.00 | -0.41% |
| Propylen | Chemieindustrie | 8,421.00 | 8,386.60 | -0.41% |
| Butadien-Kautschuk | Gummiindustrie | 14,250.00 | 14,190.00 | -0.42% |
| Lithiumcarbonat | Chemieindustrie | 470,000.00 | 468,000.00 | -0.43% |
| Gelber Phosphor | Chemieindustrie | 37,166.67 | 37,000.00 | -0.45% |
| Caprolactam ist | Chemieindustrie | 13,600.00 | 13,533.33 | -0.49% |
| Zucker | Agrar- und Nebenerwerbsindustr | 5,870.00 | 5,840.00 | -0.51% |
| Styren-Butadien-Kautschuk | Gummiindustrie | 12,283.33 | 12,216.67 | -0.54% |
| Elasthan | Textilienindustrie | 53,500.00 | 53,200.00 | -0.56% |
| Das Poy | Textilienindustrie | 17,225.00 | 17,125.00 | -0.58% |
| Mittlere dicke Platte | Stahlindustrie | 5,136.00 | 5,106.00 | -0.58% |
| Paraformaldehyd | Chemieindustrie | 5,700.00 | 5,666.67 | -0.58% |
| Bisphenol A | Chemieindustrie | 16,862.50 | 16,762.50 | -0.59% |
| 1,4 - Butanediol | Chemieindustrie | 25,200.00 | 25,050.00 | -0.60% |
| Low alloy plate | Stahlindustrie | 5,344.00 | 5,312.00 | -0.60% |
| Antimony | Buntmetallindustrie | 82,250.00 | 81,750.00 | -0.61% |
| PVC | Gummiindustrie | 8,950.00 | 8,890.00 | -0.67% |
| Lithiumhydroxid (Batterie) | Chemieindustrie | 473,333.34 | 470,000.00 | -0.70% |
| Propylenglykol | Chemieindustrie | 11,416.67 | 11,333.33 | -0.73% |
| PC | Gummiindustrie | 21,866.67 | 21,700.00 | -0.76% |
| Kalziumkarbid | Chemieindustrie | 4,050.00 | 4,016.67 | -0.82% |
| Der Stahl | Stahlindustrie | 4,790.00 | 4,750.00 | -0.84% |
| Zinn （Barren） | Buntmetallindustrie | 342,830.00 | 339,830.00 | -0.88% |
| Epoxid-Chlorpropan | Chemieindustrie | 18,666.67 | 18,500.00 | -0.89% |
| Kupfer | Buntmetallindustrie | 75,068.33 | 74,355.00 | -0.95% |
| Styren | Chemieindustrie | 9,737.50 | 9,637.50 | -1.03% |
| Diesel | Energieindustrie | 8,384.60 | 8,293.60 | -1.09% |
| Silber | Buntmetallindustrie | 5,077.00 | 5,016.33 | -1.19% |
| Silizium DMC | Chemieindustrie | 28,020.00 | 27,680.00 | -1.21% |
| 醋酐 | Chemieindustrie | 7,825.00 | 7,725.00 | -1.28% |
| Butanone | Chemieindustrie | 14,766.67 | 14,566.67 | -1.35% |
| Isopropanol | Chemieindustrie | 7,175.00 | 7,075.00 | -1.39% |
| Die Wire | Stahlindustrie | 5,252.00 | 5,178.00 | -1.41% |
| Ethylene | Chemieindustrie | 1,539.50 | 1,516.00 | -1.53% |
| Schwefel | Chemieindustrie | 3,660.00 | 3,603.33 | -1.55% |
| Au | Stahlindustrie | 5,067.78 | 4,985.56 | -1.62% |
| Diethylglykol | Chemieindustrie | 4,916.67 | 4,836.67 | -1.63% |
| Erd | Energieindustrie | 103.79 | 102.07 | -1.66% |
| Holzschliff | Baustoffindustrie | 7,180.00 | 7,060.00 | -1.67% |
| Rapsschrot | Agrar- und Nebenerwerbsindustr | 4,046.00 | 3,974.00 | -1.78% |
| Propan | Chemieindustrie | 6,738.25 | 6,613.25 | -1.86% |
| Dimetylkarbonat | Chemieindustrie | 5,000.00 | 4,900.00 | -2.00% |
| Rohseide | Textilienindustrie | 416,625.00 | 408,250.00 | -2.01% |
| Erd | Energieindustrie | 108.33 | 106.15 | -2.01% |
| R134a | Chemieindustrie | 24,666.67 | 24,166.67 | -2.03% |
| ABS | Gummiindustrie | 14,700.00 | 14,400.00 | -2.04% |
| PTA | Textilienindustrie | 6,268.64 | 6,129.09 | -2.23% |
| Butylalkohol | Chemieindustrie | 9,666.67 | 9,433.33 | -2.41% |
| Naturkautschuk | Gummiindustrie | 12,580.00 | 12,260.00 | -2.54% |
| Zink（Barren） | Buntmetallindustrie | 28,494.00 | 27,724.00 | -2.70% |
| Warmgewalztes Band | Stahlindustrie | 5,158.00 | 5,004.00 | -2.99% |
| Eisenlithiumphosphat | Chemieindustrie | 160,000.00 | 155,000.00 | -3.12% |
| Dimethylether | Energieindustrie | 4,160.00 | 4,020.00 | -3.37% |
| Sojabohnenmehl | Agrar- und Nebenerwerbsindustr | 4,516.00 | 4,352.00 | -3.63% |
| Aluminium（Aluminiumblock） | Buntmetallindustrie | 21,810.00 | 20,960.00 | -3.90% |
| Phenylamine | Chemieindustrie | 11,600.00 | 11,083.33 | -4.45% |
| Essigs | Chemieindustrie | 4,670.00 | 4,450.00 | -4.71% |
| Nickel(Barren） | Buntmetallindustrie | 243,133.33 | 231,183.33 | -4.91% |
| Eisenerz | Stahlindustrie | 1,003.67 | 943.44 | -6.00% |
Spotgeschäft-Top100 ist von SunSirs exklusiv veröffentlichte Spotpreisliste der Rohstoffe, die Preisschwenkungen in Tages-, Wochensund Monatsrhythmus widerspiegelt. Durch die Verfolgung und Überwachung von Spotpreisen über 100 Rohstoffen analysiert und sagt Sun Sirs den Trend der Preisentwicklung vorher.
